Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.157
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Na-ion batteries have entered the energy storage field to confront the problems posed by the exponential demand of Li-ion batteries, i.e., price rise, materials scarcity, geopolitical dependence, and mining and extraction environmental impact. Luckily, Na-ion batteries commercialization has just begun. However, they still have a long way ahead of them for further improvements in energy and power density, as well as cycling stability, in order to shorten the performance gap with Li-ion batteries. Similar to their Li-counterparts, carbon is the star material in the anodes. In this case, hard carbon is the material showing the best performance, although still allowing for optimization in terms of capacity, stability and synthesis sustainability. Indeed, innovations in materials design and performance advances should go hand in hand with technical feasibility, as well as health and environmental protection. Accordingly, to ensure their potential commercial viability and comply with growing requirements on sustainable manufacturing and use of resources, research must focus on the development of greener, simple synthetic approaches that exploit abundant and renewable carbon sources, as well as benign or low-toxicity chemicals.
In this communication, we show several sustainable synthesis strategies towards S-doped disordered carbons with a high-rate performance in sodium storage [1-3]. S-doping has been selected as a tool to boost the pseudocapacitive storage of Na and coupled with nanostructuring to minimize the solid-state Na diffusion distances. As carbon precursor, renewable biomass or biomass-based substances have been used, such as glucose, tannic acid, cork or pistachio shells. As S dopant, environmentally benign sulfur or magnesium sulfate have been selected, while nanostructuring has been achieved by using benign and water-removable templates such as sodium salts (carbonate or chloride) or harnessing the intrinsic structure of the biomass. It is shown that S-doping promotes not only the redox activity at high potentials, but also the low potential capacity exploitable in Na-based technologies.
This research work was supported by project IDI/2018/000148 (FICYT/FEDER) and PID2021-123648OB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and ERDF A way of making Europe).
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