Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.155
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Faradaic electrochemical deionization (FDI) is emerging as a transformative technology for water treatment, addressing critical challenges in conventional capacitive deionization (CDI) such as low desalination capacity, carbon anode oxidation, and co-ion expulsion effects [1]. Utilizing faradaic electrode materials—engineered by incorporating the electrochemical principles of battery electrodes—FDI employs redox and intercalation mechanisms to selectively remove ions. This innovative approach not only achieves higher desalination capacity but also offers superior energy efficiency, particularly at lower salinity levels.
In this work, we compare two advanced battery-type electrode materials for FDI: inorganic sodium-manganese oxides (NMOs) and organic polymers. NMOs, known for their open crystal structures, allow efficient ion insertion and extraction, making them ideal for Na-ion storage in aqueous systems [2]. Meanwhile, redox-active polymers like poly[N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboximide] (PNDIE) offer advantages in terms of low weight, stability, safety, and sustainability [3].
Our study explores two innovative FDI approaches to enhance salt removal capacity (SRC) and cycling stability:
i) All-polymer symmetric FDI cells: Utilizing buckypaper electrodes made from PNDIE, these cells achieved a superior salt removal capacity of 155.4 mg g⁻¹. The all-polymer design enhances production, reduces energy costs and promotes sustainability.
ii) Optimization of Sodium-Manganese Oxides: This study highlights the critical role of morphology and crystal structure in the desalination performance of NMOs. The mixed-phase NMO (mp-NMO) demonstrates outstanding stability, effectively mitigating the Jahn-Teller effect—a common issue in manganese oxides that can lead to stability challenges depending on the crystalline phase.
Both approaches employ rocking-chair flow cell configurations for continuous desalination, showcasing the potential of these novel electrode materials and designs. The findings underscore their promise for efficient, sustainable brackish water desalination, offering significant contributions to global water scarcity solutions.
This project is founded by the project SELECTVALUE (2020-T1/AMB-19799) of the Talento´s program from the Community of Madrid. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the project RED2022-134552-T funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.
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