Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.095
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising emerging technology on the cusp of commercialisation. With record power conversion efficiencies >26%, they are excellent candidates for low-cost and low-embodied energy photovoltaics. Their emergence as a promising technology is timely as we are on the brink of significant climate change and face the limits of current linear economic models. Transition is necessary to ‘circular economy’ with widespread deployment of sustainable green energy technologies. However, the deployment of green technologies, including PSCs, presents significant sustainability challenges, including availability of critical raw materials, environmental impacts of mining and production and waste generation at end-of-life.[1,2] Achieving widespread deployment necessitates a continuous supply of critical raw materials and lifecycle optimisation early in development to ensure true sustainability. This includes minimising production-related environmental impacts, developing end-of-life strategies, designing for longevity, selecting low-impact materials, and substituting primary and critical resources. Here we will discuss the work of the SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre and the UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Energy Technologies at Swansea University, which aims to advance the sustainability, understanding and scaling of perovskite photovoltaics.[1-5] It is our contention that perovskite photovoltaics, as an emerging energy technology, have great potential to be designed for a circular economy and optimised end-of-life processing to deliver significant sustainability benefits. We will discuss opportunities for the for distributed manufacturing of perovskite photovoltaics to help transform energy access as well as assessing resource constraints and implementing circular economy strategies.[1] Early evaluation of future waste streams and materials supply issues are essential to avoid technological lock-in and ensure sustainable pathways forward.
This work was made possible by support from UKRI and the EU Horizon Europe Framework Programme (101122277), the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EP/S001336/1) and through the funding of the SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre by EPSRC (EP/N020863/1) and the Welsh Government (CRISP22-301). Work presented has also been funded with UK aid from the UK government via the Transforming Energy Access platform.