Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.019
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The currently demand for renewable energy sources, it is imperative to explore new configurations of solar cells that use multiple photosensitizers for enhanced efficiencies. Considering the aforementioned factors, the present study entails the fabrication of an innovative n/p/p heterojunction solar cell with a unique design, and it consists of an n/p-type photoanode made from TiO2/CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) and a p-type photocathode composed of Ag3SbS3/NiO/C/Ni foam, using a polysulfide gel electrolyte. This design captures light across the visible to near-infrared spectrum, achieving a high-power conversation efficiency (PCE) of 9.76%, significantly higher than standalone p-type (Ag3SbS3 ~1.6%) and n-type (CdS/CZTS, ~7%) solar cells. The alignment of various band gaps within the photoactive semiconductors, along with well-matched the energy levels at both photo-electrodes, effectively suppresses undesirable recombination process and enables efficient charge separation and transfer. An electrically conductive carbon interlayer, with a high work function of 5 eV, and it facilitates rapid and efficient electron transport from Ni to NiO. The p-type conduction of CZTS enables efficient hole extraction from CdS and their transfer to polysulfide species, while the narrow band gap of Ag3SbS3 quantum dots (~1.46 eV) facilitates broad-spectrum absorption, contributing to the high PCE. The n/p/p heterojunction solar cell also demonstrates impressive durability, retaining ~72% of its initial efficiency after 90 days of intermittent light exposure and storage. This resilience underscores its practical viability as a cost-effective, streamlined, and lead-free alternative to conventional perovskite, quantum dot, or Si/Ru-based solar cells.
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