Publication date: 28th August 2024
Polymeric carbon nitrides (CN) have garnered considerable attention as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). One common approach to synthesizing CN films with tailored optical and photoelectrochemical properties involves using supramolecular assemblies as precursors for thermal polymerization on a transparent conductive substrate. However, this method faces limitations because the formation of supramolecular assemblies depends heavily on temperature and solubility in specific solvents. This constraint hinders the full exploration of the technique's potential. Additionally, the use of polar solvents complicates the intercalation of metal ions. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel approach for synthesizing supramolecular assemblies with metal ions using a solvothermal method. The study systematically varies the solvent, monomer composition, salt quantity, reaction temperature, and film thickness. As a result, it successfully produces well-attached, uniform CN films with excellent optoelectronic properties. The resulting photoactive CN films demonstrate very low onset potentials and achieve photocurrents of approximately 0.13, 0.15, and 0.30 ± 0.01 mA cm−2 in neutral 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, basic 0.1 M KOH(aq) solution, and 0.1 M KOH solution containing 10 vol.% triethanolamine as a hole scavenger, respectively.
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