Carrier-Resolved Photo-Hall Analysis of High-Performance Selenium Photoabsorbers
Rasmus Nielsen a b, Oki Gunawan c, Teodor Todorov c, Clara Møller b, Ole Hansen d, Peter Vesborg b
a Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
b SurfCat, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
c IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
d National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Nanolab)
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2024 Conference (MATSUSFall24)
#ADINOS - Advances in inorganic thin film semiconductors for solar energy conversion
Lausanne, Switzerland, 2024 November 12th - 15th
Organizers: Mirjana Dimitrievska and Sudhanshu Shukla
Oral, Rasmus Nielsen, presentation 267
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusfall.2024.267
Publication date: 28th August 2024

   Selenium is an elemental semiconductor with a wide bandgap appropriate for a range of optoelectronic and solar energy conversion technologies [1]. Developing high-performance selenium-based devices requires an in-depth understanding of both majority and minority carriers [2]. However, characterizing these carrier properties necessitates a wide range of experimental techniques with different sample configurations and illumination levels, complicating the analysis. This often results in discrepancies in the literature and values that fail to accurately reproduce experimental performance in device simulations. Thus, more reliable methods for extracting charge carrier information are highly sought after in the study of emerging optoelectronic materials.

   We study the properties of both carriers in selenium simultaneously using a high-sensitivity, variable temperature photo-Hall system with a rotating parallel dipole line (PDL) magnet [3]. These results are compared with those from other advanced characterization tools, including transient THz spectroscopy, capacitance-based techniques, and voltage-dependent quantum efficiency measurements. To address discrepancies, we construct semiconductor physics models to account for non-idealities at interfaces and surfaces, and assess the validity of commonly used assumptions in standard analysis models, such as complete ionization of acceptors and donors at room temperature. This study is complemented by device simulations, resulting in a unique combination of material properties for high-performance selenium photoabsorbers that accurately reproduce experimental JV-curves and EQE-spectra.

The work presented here is supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (DFF) grant 0217-00333B, and by the Carlsberg Foundation grant CF24-0200.

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