Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2024 Conference (MATSUSFall24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusfall.2024.240
Publication date: 28th August 2024
The most challenging deal we face today is the need to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and tackle climate change. Though calls to reduce them are growing louder yearly, emissions remain unsustainably high. CO2 is the key contributor to global climate change in the atmosphere. Electrochemical CO2 reduction (EC CO2R) into chemicals or fuels holds great research interest as a promising approach to mitigate CO2 emissions and reach a carbon-neutral future.1 In this regard, an extraordinary effort has been made to discover new efficient and sustainable catalysts at the laboratory level over recent years. High-performance electrocatalysts in aqueous electrolytes often rely on noble metals, which may hinder their industrial applications. Herein, we successfully synthesized core-shell Cu2O/SnO2 nanoparticles2–4 functionalized with a silane group, using a simple and versatile methodology based on a three-step scalable synthesis method involving wet precipitation followed by salinization and, finally, a rhenium-based complex has been assembled by electro-polymerization.5 The carbon paper-supported Cu2O/SnO2-Re electrocatalyst was characterized at 10 cm2 scale achieving a CO:H2 ratio from 3 to 9, and demonstrating an stable syngas production up to 24 hours at -20 mA·cm-2. To translate those developments from the laboratory level to a higher TRL towards the practical application of CO2 capture and utilization6, an additional chamber was added to the system for the continuous CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion, increasing the electrode area from 10 cm2 to 100 cm2. Captured CO2 co-electrolysis to syngas (H2:CO ratio of 5) in one step was demonstrated with a high CO2 conversion at a current up to -2 A, indicating the scale-up potential of this intensified system. The technology is currently under validation in a TRL4 reactor composed of an array of 5 modules (i.e., 4 x 5 cells x 100 cm2) with a total active area of or 0.2m2 for direct CO2 conversion from simulated anthropogenic sources. The design integrates low-cost photovoltaic (PV) cells to provide any required additional bias to drive the reaction, thus, Perovskite PV panels with a cost of up to 5 times lower (10 €/m2) than Si PV cells were used. The TRL5 demonstration of the developed technology is being done with real flue gas emissions since October 2024.
The financial support of the SUNCOCHEM project (Grant Agreement No 862192) of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action programme is acknowledged. S. H. also acknowledges the project CO2Synthesis (ID ROL: 67910) funded by Fondazione Compagnia di San Paolo in the Call Trapezio – Linea 1.