Publication date: 28th August 2024
Halide perovskites and organic bulk heterojunction semiconductors have attracted significant interest for photovoltaic applications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, such as strong solar absorption, wide defect tolerance, and long charge diffusion lengths. These properties are also crucial in the development of photoelectrochemical devices for solar fuels and chemicals. However, the instability of these devices in aqueous environments must be addressed. In this talk, I will present our team's recent progress in protecting CsPbBr3 halide perovskite and PM6:D18:L8-BO and PTQ10:GS-ISO organic bulk heterojunctions with various carbon allotrope layers and sheets. These include mesoporous carbon, graphite, glassy carbon, and boron-doped diamond, which are decorated with electrocatalysts. These layers and sheets offer protection and catalytic activity but can degrade under harsh conditions, such as those required for oxygen evolution—a bottleneck reaction in many solar fuel and chemical productions. The addition of Ni and NiFeOOH is crucial to ensuring photocurrent stability, maintaining photocurrents above 6 mA cm-2 with projected stability of months under harsh +1.23 V vs RHE applied bias on CsPbBr3 photoanodes. A similar approach provides PM6:D18:L8-BO photoanodes that achieve 25 mA cm-2 at +1.23 VRHE and monolithic tandem organic photoanodes with PM6:D18:L8-BO and PTQ10:GS-ISO with 5% unassisted solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, both showing days-long stability. In these cases, the stability is mainly limited by the morphological instability of organic bulk heterojunctions. Oxygen bubble accumulation on the surface of these devices is also a limiting factor for photocurrent stability. These and other challenges in achieving stable photocurrents in perovskite and organic bulk heterojunction photoanodes will be discussed.
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