Publication date: 28th August 2024
Gas diffusion electrodes, crucial for fuel and electrolysis cells using gas-phase reactants, are often made from materials like graphitic carbon or metals, which block light and hinder photoelectrode membrane assemblies for solar fuel production. This presentation introduces transparent gas-diffusion layers using F-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated SiO2 fiber felt substrates for solar H2 production and water splitting from humid air. The initially demonstrated substrates exhibited a porosity of 90%, a roughness factor of 15.8, and a Young’s Modulus of 1 GPa.[1] FTO coating provides a sheet resistivity of 20 ± 3 Ω sq−1 and 50% transmittance in the 300nm-800nm range for the transparent conductive porous substrates (TPCSs). Various semiconductors, including Fe2O3, BiVO4, Cu2O, and semiconducting polymers, were deposited on the TPCSs, showing superior photoelectrochemical performance compared to flat FTO photoelectrodes. Moreover, strategies to improve the robustness, tune the porosity, and scale up the production of the TPCSs are herein presented, and the challenges and limitations of gas-phase PEM-PEC water splitting are discussed. Finally, unassisted gas-phase water splitting is demonstrated with a PEM-PEC cell at 1-sun, achieving a photocurrent density on the order of 1 mA cm–2 with a system integrating a BiVO4 photoanode and a polymer semiconductor photocathode for complementary light absorption together with a polymer electrolyte membrane.
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