Publication date: 28th August 2024
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices can mimic photosynthesis and show great promise for sustainable fuel production. These artificial leaves integrate light absorbers with suitable catalysts to directly harness, convert, and store abundant solar energy in the form of value-added chemical fuels.[1] However, most conventional prototypes employ wide bandgap semiconductors, moisture-sensitive inorganic light absorbers, expensive materials or corrosive electrolytes. Here, we introduce the design and assembly of PEC devices that contain an organic π-conjugated donor-acceptor bulk heterojunction (PCE10:EH-IDTBR) with sufficient photovoltage for both proton reduction and CO2-to-syngas conversion.[2] The rational combination of design strategies from organic photovoltaic (OPV) and inorganic PEC fields, coupled with a carbon-based encapsulant, promoted long-term H2 production over 12 days in benign aqueous media. Given the modular nature of our device design, interfacing the devices with a molecular cobalt porphyrin catalyst allowed for tunable and selective CO production under 0.1 sun. Further assembly of these OPV photocathodes with BiVO4 in a standalone artificial leaf demonstrated unassisted concurrent CO2 reduction and water oxidation over 4 days. This establishes a new path for organic semiconductors, as we approach the composition, function, and efficiency of natural leaves.
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