Publication date: 28th August 2024
Mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells are promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics due to their tunable bandgap and potential for high efficiency. Mixed Sn-Pb perovskites possess a close to ideal narrow bandgap for constructing all-perovskite tandem cells to potentially surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells. One of the main obstacles that need to be overcome is the-oftentimes-low quality of the mixed Sn−Pb perovskite films, largely caused by the facile oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV), as well as the difficulties in controlling film crystallization dynamics. Furthermore, one of the conventional solvent used to process these materials is Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), which was found to be reduced in the presence of iodide ions, generating in turn iodine-based oxidant species that can degrade Sn(II) perovskite material [1-2]. To address this issue, we investigated the DMSO-free processing of mixed Sn-Pb perovskites.
In our study, we employed methylammonium chloride (MACl) as an additive in a dimethylformamide (DMF)-only solvent system. The introduction of MACl significantly enlarges the grain size, it improves the crystallinity of the perovskite films without introducing new crystalline phases and enhances the optoeelctronic properties of the material. The resulting perovskite solar cells demonstrate efficiencies comparable to control samples processed with traditional DMF/DMSO mixed solvents without additives. More importantly, the devices incorporating MACl exhibit considerably enhanced stability under maximum power point tracking (MPPT), with stable efficiencies for more than 250 hours of continuous operation in N2 environment. In contrast, control cells reach 80% of the initial power conversion efficiency after only 10 hours, due to a signficant loss in both the open circuit voltage and short circuit current.
Our findings highlight the potential of DMSO-free processing of mixed Sn-Pb perovskites with MACl additives to overcome the limitations posed by DMSO induced oxidation, paving the way for more stable narrow bandgap perovskite solar cells. This approach provides a promising pathway for the production of high-performance and stable perovskite photovoltaics.
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