Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Among the various sources of renewable energy, solar energy stands out: the energy provided by the sun in just one day is more than enough to meet the world's annual energy needs. Photovoltaics make it possible to harness this energy and convert it into electrical current. In particular, while perovskite-based solar cells have great potential for application, significant drawbacks such as stability and toxicity are yet to be addressed. In this study, we focus on mixed lead-tin perovskites since their low optical bandgap is of interest for harvesting a larger portion of the solar spectrum. However, tin-containing perovskites are prone to uncontrolled crystallization and oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+, which so far hinders their application. It is now well stablished that such processes are affected by the solvents used during fabrication [1], with DMF: DMSO being the most commonly used solvent system, despite the fact that DMSO can initiate the oxidation of tin-containing perovskites and decrease the device stability. Thus, it is crucial to investigate new solvents via solvent engineering methods and understand their impact on the crystallization behavior of the perovskite layers. Here, we study more sustainable alternative solvents to DMF and DMSO and explore how the processing conditions (including the choice of antisolvent [2]) and substrate impact on the film formation of tin containing perovskites. We demonstrate that both factors strongly influence the quality of the resultant films and suggest guidelines for the future development of solvent engineering approaches for a more sustainable processing of tin containing perovskites.
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