Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) hold significant potential as an alternative to silicon-based solar cells, particularly for indoor applications.[1] However, the volatility of liquid electrolytes presents a major obstacle to the commercialization of DSCs, necessitating the development of roll-to-roll processes and all-solid-state devices to enhance stability and lifetime. Transitioning to quasi-solid-state and solid hole transporting materials (HTMs) can mitigate these challenges and optimize DSC performance.[2] Copper-based redox mediators, such as Cu(I/II)(tmby)2, have been successfully employed as HTMs in solid-state DSCs (ssDSCs) as so called “Zombie Solar Cells”, [3] demonstrating promising results in dye regeneration and overall efficiency,[4] but these materials require long processing times with high failure rates. This study presents an innovative approach to optimize the fabrication of high-performance ssDSCs by developing an accelerated drying process for liquid electrolytes, which streamlines and standardizes the solidification of Cu-based redox mediators. Initial tests were conducted at temperatures of 50°C to 110°C. To evaluate performance, a comprehensive suite of measurements was conducted, including current-voltage measurements, electron lifetime and transport time, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), and photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIA), to ensure efficient oxidized dye regeneration. The initial experiments tested various temperatures and drying times, with lower temperatures yielding more favourable outcomes. The current density increased from 69 to 79 µA cm-1 under 1000 lux illumination, with a 14.1% to 15.6% efficiency improvement observed for the Cu(tmby)2 coordination complexes in conjunction with the organic Y123 sensitizer. Further tests involved applying pressure at 50°C and 70°C to optimize the drying process. The controlled drying environment improved reproducibility and streamlined the solidification process. Overall, this study presents a novel approach to advance DSC technology within materials science for energy applications. The proposed accelerated drying process offers a reliable, standardized method for solidifying Cu-based redox mediators, enhancing the stability and longevity of ssDSCs. The comprehensive set of measurements provides valuable insights into the performance of ssDSCs, thereby facilitating the development of future technologies.