Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.433
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Stability and catalytic activity of metal oxides for the water oxidation at an electrolyzer anode are linked through the reactivity of oxygen atoms: metal–oxygen bonds are formed and broken during the electrocatalytic cycle, and metal–oxygen bonds are also what holds the material together. One way to probe this interplay is by isotope labelling of the oxygen in the electrocatalyst with 18O and determining by electrochemistry – mass spectrometry (EC-MS) whether this labelled oxygen is incorporated into the O2 released. Through our work with chip EC-MS on sputter-deposited 18O-labelled oxides of Ru and Ir, we show the importance of quantitative and transparent data analysis in such oxygen-tracking experiments and their limitations. We then expand on the concept using CO oxidation, showing how the incorporation of labelled oxygen into the product CO2 probes the reactivity of pre-catalytic surface states. A more direct probe of these states is to observe them spectroscopically. We show through fitting the UV-vis spectra of iridium oxide as a function of potential that the pre-catalytic redox transitions follow Frumkin isotherms, and propose a way of quantifying the relative importance of chemical vs electrochemical driving force in the rate-determining step.