Non-Equilibrium Plasma Processes on Metal Halide Perovskite Interfaces for Photovoltaic Applications
Sara Covella a b, Alberto Perrotta c, Francesca Russo a d, Fabio Palumbo c, Antonella Milella a, Vincenza Armenise a, Francesco Fracassi a c, Aurora Rizzo e, Silvia Colella c, Andrea Listorti a e
a Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
b Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
c CNR NANOTEC - c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
d Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell’Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
e CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
#NextGenSolar - Innovations beyond ABX3 perovskites: Materials development, Photophysics, and Devices
Barcelona, Spain, 2024 March 4th - 8th
Organizers: Silvia Motti and Marcello Righetto
Oral, Sara Covella, presentation 376
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.376
Publication date: 18th December 2023

Metal halide perovskite (MHPs) solar cells represent a promising newcomer in the front of emerging photovoltaic technologies to address the dramatic energy crisis and climate change that we are facing. The exceptional properties of MHPs derive from their hybrid organic-inorganic nature, which allows also for low-cost and straightforward processing. Solar cells containing MHPs as absorbing layer have already achieved a power conversion efficiency of about 25,7 %, close to the efficiency of silicon-based devices. Nevertheless, a major limitation, still preventing the uptake of the technology, is related to the reduced stability of these materials when exposed to operative conditions, namely temperature, light, and moisture. Herein, an effective defect passivation of MHP surfaces is a key strategy to tackle both the stability and the enhancement of solar cell performances. Although many solution-based approaches 1 have been tested, we propose here an innovative use of plasma, as a solvent-free, scalable, and non-invasive promising strategy to boost MHP solar cells performances 2. As benchmark material we used Methylammonium Lead Iodide perovskite; thus we have exposed the surface of polycrystalline thin films made of this material to different plasma conditions implying the variation of power, gas, and treatment time, both for low-pressure (LP) and atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs). The impact of Ar,  N2, H2 and O2 LPPs on MAPbI3 optochemical properties and morphology was correlated to the performance of the photovoltaic devices and rationalized by density functional theory calculations3. An interesting improvement in photoluminescence was observed for the Ar and H2 treated films, while an improvement in PCE was observed only for the Ar treated device. This result was ascribed to the efficient removal of the superficial organic component, revealed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), following suitable surface passivation by the electron transporting layer deposition. APP treatments, fed with He gas, were tested on the surface of MAPbI3, too. A milder morphological modification than LPP treatments was observed in this case, but withstanding good surface passivation, as confirmed through the improved photoluminescence intensity, while the effect in terms of photovoltaic devices is still under investigations. Moreover, starting from these encouraging results, new plasma surface processes are now object of evaluation, such as the plasma-deposition of thiophene-like films and the study of LPP treatments applied to tin-based perovskite solar cells, approaches which already show the great versatility and potential of plasma-based techniques.

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