Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.269
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Two-dimensional (2D)-based passivation on three-dimensional (3D) perovskite layers has made great progress in enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, though 2D/3D has worse operational stability than 2D or 3D alone at elevated temperatures due to the severe ion migration and enhanced reactivity with formamidinium (FA+) [1-3]. It still remains mysterious in terms of how 2D/3D worsens device performance by altering device physics under heat and light soaking conditions. In this work, 11 kinds of ligands are chosen to passivate perovskite films with different concentrations and degraded under 3 ageing conditions (25℃-light, 85℃-dark and 85℃-light). Most of the 2D perovskite signals disappear after 85℃-light degradation. An unexpected absorbance upshift occurs for most of the passivated perovskite films after light soaking, which is attributed to light scattering by an undesirable phase of metallic lead (Pb0) decomposed continuously from lead iodide (PbI2) during light soaking. We find that it is ligands such as phenethylammonium (PEA+), which form the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase, that accelerate the production of PbI2, which in turn produces more Pb0 and iodine (I2) in the presence of light or heat-light. Dion-Jacobson (DJ) and alternating-cation-interlayer (ACI) phases, in contrast, decelerate the production of Pb0 and I2. By choosing the proper ligand and passivation method, we have successfully fabricated ultra-stable solar cell, retaining 80% of its initial performance after 550 hours under 85℃ and two-sun illumination.
Z.P.acknowledge the financial support from China Scholarship Council. Z.P. gratefully acknowledge funding of the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art. C.J.B. gratefully acknowledges the financial support through the Bavarian Initiative “Solar Technologies go Hybrid” (SolTech).
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