Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.249
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Lithium-ion batteries have delivered a revolution in portable electronics and have begun to unlock electrification of the automotive industry. However, intrinsic performance limitations mean that many applications will be out of reach for lithium-ion technology. We must explore alternatives if we are to have any hope of meeting the long-term needs for energy storage. The Johnson group is focused on tackling the underpinning chemical and materials challenges within next-generation energy devices and in particular batteries.
One such alternative is the Li-air (O2) battery; its theoretical specific energy exceeds that of Li-ion, but many hurdles hinder its realization. Early cell death, resulting in low capacity and limited rate capability, is one of the most significant problems. Studies of the processes at the positive electrode have shown that this is a result of passivating Li2O2 at the electrode surface, poor utilisation of the electrode structure, and degradation of the cell components. Here, we discuss recent advances made in our labs to understand the chemistry within the lithium-air battery and to combat the problems limiting its performance. For example, we have identified a redox mediator able to promote longer discharge and electrode compositions able to facilitate O2 transport throughout the positive electrode. New understanding of the degradation processes have been identified, shedding further light on the failure mechanisms within the cells. Finally the impact of operating in air with the inevitable introduction of H2O will be considered and we will showcase a demonstrator gas handling system and cell designed to explore these effects.
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