nanoGe - MATSUS24 - Outdoor stability testing of perovskite mini

Outdoor stability testing of perovskite mini - modules: long-term analysis

Vasiliki Paraskeva^a, Maria Hadjipanayi^a, Matthew Norton^a, Elias Peraticos^a, Aranzazu Aguirre^b^,^c^,^d, Anurag Krishna^b^,^c^,^d, Tom Aernouts^b^,^c^,^d, Santhosh Ramesh^b^,^c^,^d, Rita Ebner^e, Andreas Othonos^f, Alexandros Themistokleous^g, Sophia Hayes^g, George E. Georghiou^a

^aFOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus

^bIMEC-IMOMEC, Thin Film PV Technology, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium

^cHasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium

^dEnergyVille, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium

^eAIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Photovoltaic Systems, Gieffinggasse 4, 1210 Wien

^fLaboratory of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Kallipoleos, 75, Nicosia, Cyprus

^gMolecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus

Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)

#COMPER24 - Towards Commercialization of Perovskite Photovoltaics: Scalability, Stability, and Circularity

Barcelona, Spain, 2024 March 4th - 8th

Organizers: Tom Aernouts, Maria Hadjipanayi and Anurag Krishna

Oral, Maria Hadjipanayi, presentation 199
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.199
Publication date: 18th December 2023

Perovskite solar cells have been attracting increasing attention in recent years due to their rapid progress with record efficiency of 26.1% for single junction and 33.9% for tandem devices respectively [1]. The biggest concern that impedes the application of perovskites and poses tremendous challenges for their commercialization is their long-term stability under operation [2]. Even if now perovskites are passing standardized protocols (IEC 61215) and ISOS procedures, those tests cannot resemble the outdoor operational conditions with day-night cycles and continuous change in temperature and irradiance levels. Although outdoor stability testing has been reported for different types of perovskite devices so far [3], [4] there is still a lack of quantitatively precise information about the diurnal trend in long-term performance of perovskites under outdoor conditions.

In this work, several perovskite and perovskite on Silicon tandem mini-modules were extensively investigated outdoors at real environmental conditions for a duration of up to two years and indoors using a range of advanced optoelectronic methods to set-up a complete optical and electrical characterization of perovskite devices. Characterization methods of spatially - resolved Electroluminescence/Photoluminescence, Dark Lock-In Thermography, Raman and Ultrafast spectroscopies have been utilized for this purpose. Outdoor testing for several months in the field demonstrated the impact of irradiance and temperature on the major electrical parameters of the devices. Interplay of metastability and temperature effects were detected in the output power temperature coefficients results while agreement was found between indoor laboratory tests and outdoor results for voltage temperature coefficients.

Diurnal performance degradation and recovery overnight were calculated for the first time outdoors. Seasonality effects in the diurnal changes are discussed demonstrating the values of performance recovery overnight and diurnal performance degradation as well as the degradation-to-recovery ratio at different environmental conditions. The diurnal changes in performance, current and voltage have been calculated and facilitated on the understanding of irradiance effects on the major electrical parameters of the perovskite samples. A data-driven predictive model has been utilized for predicting the output power time-series of perovskites.

Moreover, several optoelectronic and spectroscopic methods such as Ultrafast and Raman spectroscopies and Dark Lock-In-Thermography methods have been employed to understand changes in carrier relaxation dynamics and chemical properties after outdoor exposure as well as hotspot evolution in the devices under test. Results demonstrated FA decomposition products and changes in carrier relaxation mechanisms in Raman and Ultrafast methods respectively. Finally, Dark Lock-In Thermography method revealed hotspot evolution in both perovskite active and interconnection areas of the cell.

References:

[1] M. A. Green et al., “Solar cell efficiency tables (version 62),” Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl., vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 651–663, 2023

[2] W. Xiang, S. Liu, and W. Tress, “A review on the stability of inorganic metal halide perovskites: Challenges and opportunities for stable solar cells,” Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 14, pp. 2090–2113, 2021

[3] Z. Fu et al., “Encapsulation of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Enables High Temperature and Long-Term Outdoor Stability,” Adv. Funct. Mater., vol. 29, no. 16, pp. 1–7, 2019,

[4] E. Velilla, F. Jaramillo, and I. Mora-Seró, “High-throughput analysis of the ideality factor to evaluate the outdoor performance of perovskite solar minimodules,” Nat. Energy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 54–62, 2021,

Acknowledgements:

This work has been financed by the European Union through the TESTARE project (Grant ID: 101079488) and by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the DegradationLab project (Grant ID: INFRASTRUCTURES/1216/0043).

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