Amplification and lasing in Tin-based perovskites
Isaac Suárez a
a Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de la Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), Spain
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
#PerFut24 - The Future of Metal Halide Perovskites: Fundamental Approaches and Technological Challenges
Barcelona, Spain, 2024 March 4th - 8th
Organizers: Annalisa Bruno, Iván Mora-Seró and Pablo P. Boix
Oral, Isaac Suárez, presentation 193
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.193
Publication date: 18th December 2023

The family of Sn-perovskite has recently emerged as a nontoxic compound for a future ecofriendly photonic technology. With an extraordinary quantum yield of emission at room temperature, bandgap tunability with the composition, and straightforward incorporation in optical architectures by chemistry methods, the ASnX3 (A is an organic/inorganic anion and X is a halide) perovskite represents a suitable nontoxic material to implement lasers, optical amplifiers or light emitting diodes, among other devices. However, since Sn2+ is easily oxidized into Sn4+ losing its optoelectronic properties, there are few reports where a stable ASnX3 device is provided. In this work, high-quality FASnI3 (FA, formamidinium) polycrystalline thin films are successfully fabricated to demonstrate optical amplification and lasing. With an appropriate low temperature treatment and a polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) clapping, the FASnI3 films exhibit a remarkable stability and an efficient generation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) under nanosecond optical pumping. First, these films are deposited on a SiO2 substrate to conform an optical waveguide whose geometrical parameters (i.e. thicknesses of the films) are properly designed to optimize the excitation and to enhance the generation of the photoluminescence. As a result, ASE is demonstrated with an extremely low threshold, about 100 nJ/cm2, and a strong polarization anisotropy preferable to the transverse electric (TE) polarization. Moreover, the waveguide exhibits narrow lasing lines (< 1 nm) caused by the formation of random cavity loops in the polycrystalline grains. Then, the same structure is implemented in a flexible device using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Here, despite that the formation of films formation of films on a flexible platform is always challenging, the flexible waveguide also shows ASE and RL lines with only one fold higher threshold (1 µJ/cm2). Finally, the FASnI3 films are also incorporated as active medium in a Distributed Feedback Laser properly designed to achieve optical resonance at the ASE wavelength. This architecture  conforms an optical cavity able to demonstrate the generation of lasing action with peaks narrower than 1 nm. The proposed devices represent an important step towards the development of future cheap and green photonic technology based on Sn perovskites.

This work was possible thanks to the DROP-IT consortium (H2020 FET-OPEN project under contract no. 862656) and the Spanish MCIN project PERIPHERAL (PID2020-120484RB-I00).

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