Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.140
Publication date: 18th December 2023
Perovskite Solar cells are skyrocketing in the scientific PV scenario recently exceeding a power conversion efficiency of 26% in single junction configuration and approaching 34% in tandem configuration under standard AM1.5G illumination. Despite the high efficiencies reached to date, to close the performances gap with Silicon PV, an efficient upscaling process need to be demonstrated at industrial level, whilst long-term stability (>20 years lifetime) under outdoor conditions still needs to be proven. On the other side, Perovskite technology recently attracted attention as the most suited marketable solution for low power PV, working in diffused or low-light condition (indoor) for which the theoretical PCE limit is larger than 50%. Innovative low-power applications, such as IoT, low-power electronics, sensors, domotics and various devices working indoor, have a lifetime reduced to few years, thus representing a ready solution as launching pad of this technology. The combination of sustainable and low-cost fabrication routes for high-efficient devices to power low-energy consumption devices is a key for a first stage commercialization. Here we present possible approaches to fabricate efficient and low-cost devices avoiding the utilization of expensive benchmark materials, such as organic HTMs and metallic electrodes (i.e. Ag or Au), substituted with printed Low-Temperature carbon electrode. The combination of interface engineering and the integration of commercial low-Temperature Carbon pastes will lead to efficient HTM-free large area single cells and minimodules capable to power small electronics under indoor illumination conditions. We demonstrated to achieve efficiency above 23% and 20% respectively for low-cost single cells and minimodules. In addition, the full low-temperature processes pave the way to large scale flexible perovskite PV achieving high power-per-weight innovative application and devices.
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