Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2024 Conference (MATSUS24)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2024.094
Publication date: 18th December 2023
An improved understanding of the fundamental chemistry, morphology, and dynamics of polymers and soft materials necessitates advanced characterization techniques that are suitable for in situ and in operando studies. Small angle scattering methodologies have evolved rapidly over the past few decades in response to the ever-increasing demand for more detailed information on the complex nanostructures of multiphase and multicomponent soft materials, such as polymer assemblies and biomaterials. Currently, element-specific and contrast variation techniques—such as resonant (elastic) soft/tender X-ray scattering, anomalous small angle X-ray scattering, and contrast-matching small angle neutron scattering, or a combination thereof—are routinely employed to extract the chemical composition and spatial arrangement of constituent elements at multiple length scales and to examine electronic ordering phenomena. This presentation will discuss the recent development of resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS) at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), which has enabled its application to various critical areas of materials research. RSoXS, by integrating conventional X-ray scattering with soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, has emerged as a chemically sensitive structural probe that provides a novel method for unambiguously resolving the complex morphologies of mesoscale materials. Tuning the X-ray photon energies to match the absorption spectra of different chemical components allows for the selective enhancement of the scattering contributions from these components, thus offering a detailed view of their complex morphologies. The applications of RSoXS have broadened to include structured polymer assemblies, organic electronics, functional nanocomposites, liquid crystals, and bio/bio-hybrid materials. The advancement in correlative analysis through multimodality, combined with high-throughput and autonomous experiments, is opening a new paradigm in materials research. The further development of resonant X-ray scattering instrumentation with cross-platform sample environments will facilitate multimodal in-situ and in-operando characterization of system dynamics with significantly improved spatial and temporal resolution.
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