Proceedings of MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23) (MATSUS23)
Publication date: 22nd December 2022
High efficiency and stability of quantum dot photovoltaic cells can so far only be achieved using heavy-metal based quantum dot materials, such as lead sulfide or lead based perovskites [1]. These material systems, however, pose a great danger to the environment, thus the development of heavy metal free, more environmentally friendly solar cell materials is of great importance. Lead-free and non-toxic AgBiS2 quantum dots have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for solar cell applications [2]. High absorption coefficient, efficient charge separation as well as an easy and scalable synthesis make AgBiS2 quantum dots extremely attractive for the use in solar cells. Although recent studies demonstrate power conversion efficiencies surpassing 9% [3], the performance of AgBiS2 quantum dot solar cells still lags behind that of their lead-based counterparts.
Commonly, organic polymers and metal oxides are utilized as hole and electron extraction layers in these solar cells, respectively. Recently, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,5,6-trimethylphenyl) amine (PTAA) has been used as a hole extraction layer in AgBiS2 solar cells by us and others [4,5]. However, PTAA requires substantial p-doping for efficient charge extraction. In this work, we explore two paths for p-doping of PTAA in lead-free AgBiS2 solar cells and study its influence on device performance and stability. For the electron extraction layer, we investigated how the preparation of the metal oxide layer affects the performance of solar cells. We find that, surprisingly, not only the choice of metal oxide determines the performance and stability of solar cell, but also its microstructure. These results offer further insights into the design of efficient and stable lead-free quantum dot solar cells.
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