Proceedings of MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23) (MATSUS23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.260
Publication date: 22nd December 2022
Epitaxial growth methods usually need dedicated equipment, high energy consumption to maintain pure vacuum conditions and evaporation of source materials, and elevated substrate temperatures. Solution epitaxial growth requires nothing of that but is rarely used because the achieved microstructures are of low quality, not homogeneous, and finally exhibit worse performances in devices. We have introduced several growth methods including ink-jet printing [1], drop-casting [2] or antisolvent-vapor-assisted-crystallization [3] to obtain epitaxial perovskite micro-crystallites whose shapes and sizes can be controlled by the synthetic conditions. These micro-crystallites are not only oriented on the substrates such as mica or PbS single crystals, but also exhibit smooth side walls, which coincide with crystalline facets. Thus, they are acting as optical micro-resonators, supporting lasing under optical excitation. The obtained threshold powers as well as the environmental stability are competitive to those obtained by vapor deposition methods. The solution epitaxial growth can also be performed to obtain closed epitaxial films, instead of arrays of ordered micro-crystals, representing a common goal for epitaxial growth. Thus, solution epitaxy applied to metal-halide perovskites and performed in almost ambient conditions is rivaling with vapor deposition methods, even though it is achieved by cost-effective and simple methods and on cheap and commercially available substrates.
S.L., F.K., and J.M. acknowledge useful discussions with Axel Hoffmann (TU Berlin). The authors would like to thank the group of Prof. Karl Mayrhofer from the Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for granting access to the XPS setup. This work was supported by projects from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). In particular M.S. and W.H. were supported by projects 404984854 and GRK2495/J, T.F. and P.W. were supported by GRK2495/I and C.J.B. by GRK2495/E. S.L., F.K., and J.M. were supported by the project B13/CRC 953. The research of V.V.V. was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science through the IRA program co-financed by EU within SG OP. G.S. acknowledges financial support via the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project FWF P30960-N27). A part of the research was also performed at the Energie Campus Nürnberg and supported by funding through the “Aufbruch Bayern” initiative of the state of Bavaria. H.A.A. is funded by a scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt. M. D., T.P., J.W., and E.S. acknowledge the funding by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via the research training group GRK 1896.
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