Proceedings of MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23) (MATSUS23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.239
Publication date: 22nd December 2022
Mixed Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) perovskites have the potential to achieve higher performances in single junction solar cells than Pb-based compounds. The best Sn/Pb based devices are fabricated in the p-i-n structure and frequently PEDOT: PSS is utilized as hole transport layer, even if there are many doubts on a possible detrimental role of this conductive polymer. Here, we propose the use of [2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) and the functionalized [2-(3, 6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid (Br-2PACz) version, as substitutes for PEDOT: PSS. By using Br-2PACz as HTL we achieve record efficiency (19.51%) with the perovskite composition Cs0.25FA0.75Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 without any anti-reflective coating. The halogen functionalization of the SAMs is an efficient way to improve both the device performances and stability. Several factors seem to determine these improvements. The two carbazole-based molecules are able to form a self-assembled monolayer which show minimal parasitic absorption and low charge recombination when compared to PEDOT: PSS films. Additionally, the perovskite layer deposited on SAMs show an higher crystallinity, with reduced pinhole density and larger grains. The defect density for the perovskite films was also reduced when deposited on Br-2PACz or 2PACz compared to PEDOT: PSS. PL and TRPL measurements further confirmed the better perovskite film quality when deposited on SAMs, with reduced charge recombination.
Finally, the wettability of the perovskite precursor solution on top of the SAMs is a problem which limits SAMs application in Sn- or mixed Sn/Pb- perovskite solar cells on a large scale, limiting enormously the yield of device fabrication. I will present a solution for this issue, that may allow to improve both the scalability and reproducibility of the SAMs-based perovskite solar cell.
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