Proceedings of MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23) (MATSUS23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.141
Publication date: 22nd December 2022
Discovering and developing novel nanomaterials to improve the sustainability of optoelectronic devices, while maintaining reasonable efficiency, is of key importance to drive future research and make commercialization possible. With the criteria of earth-abundant, stable, and low-toxicity elements for nanocrystal (NC) synthesis, we focus on ABX3 chalcogenides, where A is an alkaline earth metal and B a group four transition metal. We seek to exploit the unique properties of NCs and the perovskite crystal structure while shifting from lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) containing materials to more sustainable ternary chalcogenides of low toxicity. Specifically, in this class of materials, BaTiS3 (in the hexagonal phase) and BaZrS3 (in the perovskite structure) are promising. A flexible method for controlling the physical and chemical properties of these materials is through colloidal synthesis with organometallic precursors. Synthetic routes using different sulfur and barium sources are investigated. Characterization by TEM, XRD, and absorbance measurements reveal how the shape of the nanocrystals can be tuned from isotropic to anisotropic with aspect ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:100 by changing the barium precursor from a methylamino compound to a halide salt. Alternatively, adjusting the sulfur source between various thioureas alters the crystallinity and reaction temperature needed to achieve NCs. Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy shows long excitation lifetime (ca. 1 µs) and clear spectral features resembling PbS quantum dots with respect to spectral width of the band-edge bleach and photoinduced absorption signal. For the application in optoelectronic devices, it is necessary to exchange the long insulating ligands used during synthesis for shorter or more conductive ones. We have developed a ligand exchange procedure to cap the NCs with halides and process the NC solutions as thin films. With the gained knowledge from TA and film formation strategies, first work on the usage of BaTiS3 NCs in photovoltaic devices and field-effect transistors will be presented.
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