Proceedings of MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23) (MATSUS23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.067
Publication date: 22nd December 2022
Electrochemical water oxidation (2e- WOR) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a topic of growing interest. Still material development, mechanistic understanding and process conditions are yet to be defined to allow for efficient and durable hydrogen peroxide production at industrially-relevant current densities [1]. Carbonate ions (CO32−) are suggested to enable indirect water oxidation to H2O2 and alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) are known to influence electrochemical activity of various electrochemical reactions including the oxygen evolution reaction [2,3]. Also, in electrocatalysis the electrolyte composition is known to influence electrode stability. Material stability in the context of anodic H2O2 production is barely addressed in recent literature. Moreover, the influence of the electrolyte used for selective electrochemical water oxidation is yet to be fully disclosed [4].
Herein, we discuss the effect of different electrolytes (K2CO3 and Na2CO3) on the H2O2 production and electrode stability using commercially available fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) anodes frequently used as active material and support. The determined faradaic efficiencies (FE) suggest that the use of K2CO3 over Na2CO3 electrolyte (FEH2O2 = 34.8 % in K2CO3 and FEH2O2 = 25.3 % in Na2CO3 at 5 mA/cm2) is preferred. We observe a maximum production rates of 0.158 mmol min−1cm−2 and 0.118 min−1cm−2 at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in K2CO3 and Na2CO3, respectively highlighting the influence of alkali metal cations on the H2O2 formation. Moreover, we will highlight the influence of electrolyte composition on the stability of the FTO electrodes using ICP-MS and SEM analysis. Overall, in this contribution we will disclose our understanding of the role of carbonate on the H2O2 formation in the context of the reaction parameter space.
The authors acknowledge the São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) (Procs. 2021/08240-7) for financial support. The authors are also grateful to the University of Twente facilities.
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