Proceedings of MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23) (MATSUS23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.047
Publication date: 22nd December 2022
Due to their outstanding electronic, thermal, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties, 0/1/2D carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have attracted great interest in the last two decades.[1] Among CNSs, different procedures have been developed to synthesize carbon nanodots (CNDs) starting from a large pool of small molecules through a bottom-up approach, and several applications for these nanomaterials have been investigated.[2,3] CNDs can be further decorated through chemical functionalization for sensing, catalysis, and optoelectronic applications. For example, light-conversion processes in covalently functionalized CNDs with donor-acceptor organic dyes can be investigated.[4] Therefore, it is important to analyze the reactivity and accessibility of the surface functional groups, as well as their total quantities. This contribution discusses the characterization and quantification of the terminal functional groups of four different bottom-up synthesized CNDs.[5] We resorted to pH back-titrations, Kaiser tests, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and quantitative 19F-NMR of incorporated fluorine atoms to quantify the terminal amine content in the prepared CND samples. XPS provides both the surface functional group content and, together with elemental analysis (EA), the elemental composition of the synthesized CNDs. The amount of ethylene diamine used as starting material governs the fraction of functional groups on the surface. This quantification, before and after functionalization, provides useful information about the reactivity and accessibility of the terminal functional groups. Hereby, the yields of reactions can subsequently be determined. Based on the different amounts of terminal amino groups of these four CNDs, it is possible to determine which is most suitable for further functionalization.
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