DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.liv-act.2022.001
Publication date: 8th September 2022
Nongenetic optical control of neurons is a powerful technique to study and manipulate the function of the nervous system. Herein we have benchmarked the performance of organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPCs) at the level of single mammalian cells. These optoelectronic devices use nontoxic organic pigments that form a planar semiconductor on top of ITO and act as an extracellular stimulation electrode driven by deep red light.
Light stimulation and signal propagation require close contacts between cell membranes and pigments. We could biochemically prove cell viability and show with SEM imaging that cell culture cell lines adhere to the surface and neuronal networks establish and exhibit neurite outgrowth.
Our electrophysiological recordings show that millisecond light-stimulation of OEPCs shifted heterologous expressed voltage-gated K+ channel activation by ~ 30 mV. We further demonstrate a time-dependent increase in voltage-gated channel conductivity in response to OEPC stimulation and compared our experimental findings with a mathematical model of this bioelectronic-cell system.
In a further step we cultured primary hippocampal neurons on OEPCs and found that millisecond optical stimuli trigger repetitive action potentials in these neurons. Our findings demonstrate that OEPC devices enable the manipulation of neuronal signaling activities with high precision. OEPCs can therefore be integrated into novel in vitro electrophysiology protocols, and the findings can inspire new in vivo applications for the regeneration of axonal sprouting in damaged neuronal tissues.
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