Publication date: 4th October 2024
Tin-based perovskite solar cells (lead-free tin perovskite solar cells and tin-lead alloyed perovskite solar cells) follow the lead perovskite solar cell. The research trends of these tin-based perovskite solar cell are reviewed. The efficiency of the lead-free tin perovskite solar cells and that of tin-lead alloyed provskite soalr cells are over 15-16% and 23-24%, respectively. By suppressing the Sn4+ concentration, decreasing the defect density by the surface passivation, decreasing the band-offset of the conduction bands and the balence bands, relaxing the lattice strain and so on, these efficiencies have been enhanced. We have reported 15.3% efficiency of lead-free tin perovskie solar cells and 23.3% efficiency of tin-lead alloyed perovskite solar cells by using Ge 2+ addition, the passivation with ethylene diamine, the direct deposition of tin-metal, the incorporation of inorganic layers, the introduction of spike band structure and mixed SAM, and A site engineering relaxing the lattice strain1,2). The interface between the tin perovskite layer and these inorganic nanoparticles are discussed from the view point of charge transfers increasing carrier densities under dark and decreasing photovoltaic performances3). Thermal stability of the thin-lead alloyed perovskite solar cells (85 ℃, 1000 h) was improved by covering the grain-boundary with GeOx and inserting the SnOx layers in the electron transporting layer4). The importance of the position of inserting ALD SnOx is discussed, together with modified electron-transporting layer enhanceing the thermal stability. All-perovskite tandem solar cells are composed of the wide bandgap lead-perovskite solar cells, the narrow bandgap tin-lead alloyed perovskite solar cells and the interconnecting layer. The efficiency of all-perovskite solar cells is now over 30%. We have reported 26-27% efficiency5, 6). The research focused on the interconnecting layer for enhancing the efficiency are reviewed.
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