Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP20)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.iperop.2020.003
Publication date: 14th October 2019
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising future solar cell candidates because they show high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) approaching those of silicon- and compound-semiconductor based solar cells. Moreover, PSCs can be produced by a low-temperature processing and coating method, so they can be fabricated on flexible substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) films. This capability would make roll-to-roll processes possible, meaning that PSCs can potentially realize low-cost, flexible, lightweight, and large-area perovskite photovoltaic (PPV) modules that can be installed on roofs with low load-bearing capacity, curved surfaces, walls, and windows. However, perovskite films generally exhibit low reproducibility, and it is difficult to fabricate large, pinhole-free homogeneous perovskite films. It is therefore crucial to establish fabrication processes that realize both large and highly efficient perovskite PPV modules.
In order to fabricate uniform layers with low thickness fluctuation over a large area, we have been developing the “meniscus coating method” [1, 2]. The perovskite photoactive layer and buffer layers of the film-based PPV modules were fabricated by this coating method. It is difficult to achieve low electrical resistance between adjacent cells in organic film-based solar modules fabricated using mechanical scribing, because organic film substrates are so soft that the mechanical scribing blades can easily damage them. To address this issue, we thoroughly investigated low-pressure mechanical scribing conditions, and successfully removed the layers on an ITO electrode without damaging either the ITO electrode or the PEN film substrate. Additionally, we replaced the amorphous ITO with crystallized ITO to reduce series resistance by changing the indium-to-tin ratio.
Using the above-described meniscus coating method and experimental results, we achieved a PCE of 11.7% in a film-based PPV module with a designated area of 703 cm2, as measured by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). This result is described in the “solar cell efficiency tables (version 54)” [3].
This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) project of “Development of high performance and reliable PV modules to reduce levelized cost of energy”.
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Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
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