DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.inform.2019.046
Publication date: 8th January 2019
Despite the outstanding optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites and the impressive performances achieved in perovskite-based devices, several concerns still hinder the widespread application of these materials. Two of the main bottlenecks today are: (i) the toxicity of Pb2+ cations, and (ii) the instability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites coupled with the difficulty in synthesizing fully-inorganic ones due to poor solubility of cesium halide salts in common solvents.
Here, we have used a fully-dry mechanical approach via ball-milling of different precursors to synthesize a wide range of phase-pure halide perovskites and related compounds with suitable optoelectronic properties for different applications from photovoltaics to light-emission. In particular, we have synthesized fully-inorganic CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) compounds and investigated the structural, chemical, and optical effects of adding potassium halides (KX). We have also synthesized lead-free hybrid and inorganic perovskites based on Sn2+ as well as other related compounds such as A2Sn(IV)X6 “vacancy-ordered perovskites” and A3Bi2X9 (A = Cs, formamidinium, and methylammonium).
Eventually, we have demonstrated that the so-formed high quality dry powders can be used to make thin films via single-source vacuum deposition, thus enabling their use in different devices such as solar cells or light-emitting diodes.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement PerovSAMs No. 747599, and project INFORM (grant 675867), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) via the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu MDM-2015-0538, MAT2017-88821-R and PCIN-2015-255, and the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2016/135 and GRISOLIAP/2017/089). H. J. B. acknowledges the support of ERA NET PCIN-2017-014. M. S. thanks the MINECO for his post-doctoral RyC contract.