Publication date: 8th January 2019
Progress over the last few years designing new materials for bulk heterojunction solar cells has been enormous with efficiencies reaching more than 13%. However, a multitude of combinations exist on how to blend donors and acceptors, with a wide variety of processing options, rendering materials selection and testing an intricate task. Indeed, detailed fundamental understanding between phase behaviour and BHJ properties is still lacking, drastically limiting, among many things, device reproducibility and general progress in the field1. Here we present a pathway to predict BHJ microstructure and phase morphology in OPV systems using PCE11 (i.e. PffBT4T-2O): fullerene blends as model systems.
We demonstrate that combining optical probes that allow to assess polymer aggregation2, differential scanning calorimetry to establish temperature/composition diagrams3, vapour phase infiltration using ALD to visualise the phase morphologies with X-ray diffraction to detect crystalline structures (GIWAXS) and polymer/fullerene domain size (GISAXS)4detailed understanding of relevant processing/structure/property interrelationships can be obtained. Additionally, blade coating with in situ GIWAXS experiments elucidate BHJ microstructure development providing insights on phase separation – relevant deposition parameters relation. These investigation techniques can be applied to other systems, providing an approach to disentangle effects of miscibility, processing and final device performance.
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