A Sequential Slot-Die Coating-Processed for Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules under Ambient

Chia-Feng Li^a^,^b, Shih-Han Huang^b^,^c, You-Ren Chen^d, Yu-Hung Hsiao^e, Pin-Hao Zhao^d, Li-Chen Su^b^,^f, Feng-Yu Tsai^a, Yu-Ching Huang^b^,^c^,^d^,^g

^aDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

^bOrganic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.

^cCenter for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.

^dDepartment of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.

^eDepartment of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.

^fGeneral Education Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.

^gCenter for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.

Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV25)

Roma, Italy, 2025 May 12th - 14th

Organizers: Filippo De Angelis, Francesca Brunetti and Claudia Barolo

Poster, Chia-Feng Li, 223
Publication date: 17th February 2025

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated extensive potential, with the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.7%. [1] However, the transition of laboratory research to industrial-scale production remains challenging, particularly in preparing uniform film deposition and efficiency. [2] Therefore, developing a scalable technique for scalable PSCs fabrication is essential. [3], [4] Slot-die coating is a promising technique for scalable processing. Furthermore, in scalable processing under ambient conditions, moisture and oxygen plays a critical role in perovskite formation. It can induce perovskite decomposition and lead to poor morphology of the perovskite layer. [5] For perovskite film fabrication, the sequential deposition method is more suitable for large-area production than the one-step method. In this study, we integrate near-infrared (NIR) heating into the slot-die coating process in ambient for the inorganic layer. On the other hand, we optimize solvent system for ambient processing to enhance the reaction between organic and inorganic materials, enabling the fabrication of highly uniform perovskite films. As a result, the sequential slot-die coated inverted PSCs have achieved PCE of 14.15%. Moreover, we fabricated a PSMs with an area of 10 × 10 cm² by this approach, achieving a PCE of 11.09%. Our research’s provide valuable insights into scalable perovskite solar cell fabrication and demonstrate the feasibility of industrial production using a cost-effective and air-processable slot-die coating technique.

References:

[1] Huang, Y.; Yan, K.; Wang, X.; Li, B.; Niu, B.; Yan, M.; Shen, Z.; Zhou, K.; Fang, Y.; Yu, X.; Chen, H.; Zhang, L.; Li, C.-Z. High-Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via In Situ Passivation Directed Crystallization. Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2408101.

[2] Zhu, P.; Chen, C.; Dai, J.; Zhang, Y.; Mao, R.; Chen, S.; Huang, J.; Zhu, J. Toward the Commercialization of Perovskite Solar Modules. Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2307357.

[3] Huang, S. H.; Guan, C. K.; Lee, P. H.; Huang, H. C.; Li, C. F.; Huang, Y. C.; Su, W. F. Toward All Slot‐Die Fabricated High Efficiency Large Area Perovskite Solar Cell Using Rapid Near Infrared Heating in Ambient Air. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2001567.

[4] Yuan, L.; Chen, X.; Guo, X.; Huang, S.; Wu, X.; Shen, Y.; Gu, H.; Chen, Y.; Zeng, G.; Egelhaaf, H.-J.; Brabec, C. J.; Yang, F.; Li, Y.; Li, Y. Volatile Perovskite Precursor Ink Enables Window Printing of Phase-Pure FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules in Ambient Atmosphere. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2024, 63, e202316954.

[5] Shin Thant, K. K.; Seriwattanachai, C.; Jittham, T.; Thamangraksat, N.; Sakata, P.; Kanjanaboos, P. Comprehensive Review on Slot-Die-Based Perovskite Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials, Methods, and Marketability. Adv. Energy Mater. 2025, 15, 2403088.

Acknowledgements:

Financial supports provided by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan (Grant Nos. NSTC 111-2923-E-002-012-MY3; NSTC 111-2923-E-002-007-MY3, NSTC 112-2628-E-131-001-MY4, NSTC 111-2221-E-182-040-MY3, NSTC 113-2622-E-131-006-, and NSTC 113-2221-E-003-001-)

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