Publication date: 17th February 2025
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology, yet achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability remains a significant challenge in the field. A critical factor in enhancing both performance metrics lies in effectively managing defects present at the perovskite surface and grain boundaries (GB). To address this challenge, we employed a functional molecule, 4-hydrazinylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride (HBSH), as a surface passivator to reduce defects and non-radiative recombination at the perovskite-electron transport layer (ETL) interface. Our results demonstrated that HBSH post-treatment induces grain growth while reducing grain boundaries and enhancing the crystallinity of perovskite films. Importantly, HBSH effectively suppresses charge recombination through defect passivation via coordination and hydrogen bonding with perovskite, while simultaneously inhibiting perovskite degradation by restraining ion migration. In addition, the energy level matching at the perovskite-ETL interface is enhanced, resulting in improved charge transport and reduced energy losses at interface. Consequently, the efficiency of the PSCs post-treated with HBSH increased to ∼22%, while the unencapsulated devices retained more than 95% of their initial efficiency over 2700 h. These findings demonstrate that post-treatment with hydrazine derivatives offers a promising strategy for simultaneously achieving high efficiency and long-term stability in PSCs, addressing two key challenges in perovskite photovoltaic technology.
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