Publication date: 17th February 2025
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), advancing solar technology with remarkable photoconversion efficiency (PCE) and stability, typically use hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. However, concerns remain about the organic component's impact on degradation. Transitioning to all-inorganic cesium perovskites is an alternative route to tackle the long-term stability challenges in PSCs.
Within inorganic perovskites, CsPbI3 suffers from polymorphism ranging from the photoactive α-phase to the inactive δ-phase. In contrast, CsPbBr3 perovskites offer robust thermal, humidity, light stability and do not suffer from polymorphism. With a Shockley-Queisser single-junction limit of ~ 16% and a wide bandgap of 2.3eV, it is attractive for semi-transparent, building-integrated photovoltaics and multijunction applications. Many CsPbBr3 works are based on solution-processing using conventional spin-coating technique limiting uniformity over large areas. Also, dissolving the precursors in solution, which frequently comes with toxicity concerns, can be challenging.
Alternatively, thermal evaporation offers a solvent-free, industry-compatible fabrication method, enabling precise thickness control, conformal and uniform coverage over large substrates.
Here, we fabricate a solvent-free CsPbBr3 PSC via dual-source sequential evaporation. CsPbBr3 films deposited on compact SnO2 electron transport layer, are pinhole-free and exhibit phase purity with reduced defects. Thin film annealing studies using X-ray diffraction, conducted alongside device investigations, revealed a decrease in phase transition temperature from 300°C to 250°C. Finally, the fabricated device results in a PCE of 7.16% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.31V. An all-inorganic PSC with a vacuum-processed absorber layer is demonstrated to achieve a phase-pure, compact film of desired thickness, paving the way for exploring CsPbBr3 active layer.
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