Publication date: 17th February 2025
Surface passivation is a critical strategy for enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). While exposed surface passivation has been extensively explored, the buried interface remains underutilized. This study systematically investigates thiocyanate salts with varying cations—ammonium (NH₄⁺), methylammonium (MA⁺), ethylammonium (EA⁺), and n-butylammonium (n-BA⁺)—for their role in facilitating bifacial surface passivation. The thiocyanate anion (SCN⁻) was found to significantly improve perovskite precursor solubility, enabling recrystallization and passivation at both exposed and buried interfaces. Our findings reveal that the cation type influences recrystallization and device performance. NH₄⁺, in combination with 4-methoxy-phenylethylammonium iodide (MEO-PEAI), yielded optimal results, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.3% (VOC = 1.17 V, JSC = 25.1 mA/cm², FF = 82.9%). This performance is attributed to the suppression of non-radiative recombination and improved film morphology. The treated devices demonstrated enhanced thermal and photostability, maintaining 80% of their initial PCE after 437 hours of thermal stress at 65 °C and 503 hours under continuous illumination. These results highlight the potential of thiocyanate-assisted passivation strategies for advancing PSC technology.
This work was financially supported by the Australian Research Council through the Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science (CE170100026) . The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP).
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