Publication date: 17th February 2025
With the capability of greatly increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to their potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate among PV technologies that could enhance the adoption of solar energy across various applications (1,2). However, their transition from lab-scale prototypes to industrial-scale manufacturing poses some concerns in terms of environmental sustainability that, together with limitations to the durability of perovskite materials, stand as significant barriers to their widespread commercial deployment [1,4].
Stemming from harmonized life cycle data inventories and by modelling future-oriented scenarios, this study presents a prospective life cycle assessment of four potential perovskite-silicon tandem designs (TSC 1, TSC 2, TSC 3, TSC 4) produced and operated currently to 2050. The analysis incorporates adjustments to the TSC architecture to address material and processing scalability, projections of operational parameters, and changes in the electricity mix used in the tandem solar devices manufacturing supply chain. Four main LCA metrics are screened to investigate the environmental and energy performances of the devices: greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), cumulative energy demand (CED), energy payback time (EPBT) and carbon payback time (CO2PBT).
The analysis outcomes indicate that the carbon footprint and energy consumption of tandem solar devices are expected to decrease over time. Furthermore, TSC are anticipated to demonstrate better eco-profiles compared to single-junction silicon devices in the future, as a higher efficiency overcompensates the higher environmental burden of production assuming the same lifetime for both technologies.
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