Publication date: 17th February 2025
Sn-based perovskites have a large processing window, rapid crystallization, and variable bandgap. This makes them an ideal material to function as the low-bandgap cell for roll-to-roll flexible all perovskite tandem foils. However, Sn-based halide perovskites struggle with rapid oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. The formation of Sn4+ leads to rapid and severe degradation of the semiconductor quality. To produce scalable and affordable perovskites, roll-to-roll (R2R) processing is the most promising production method. For R2R processing, ambient conditions are preferable in terms of scalability and cost. However, in order to perform roll-to-roll processing in ambient conditions, a strategy to prevent the oxidation of Sn during deposition is necessary, as ambient air would oxidize conventional perovskite precursors. Roll-to-roll processing also requires the use of non-toxic solvents, excluding DMF as a possible solvent. Therefore, there is a need for air and water stable perovskite precursors.
Here we use Sn(II)EDTA as a water- and air-stable perovskite precursor. Chelating agent EDTA prevents Sn2+ oxidation and is stable in both water and air. We show vapor conversion to pure phase Sn(II) perovskite in a simple one-step procedure, using water as solvent. The resulting perovskite has strong PL and a tunable bandgap via compositional variations, incorporating MA/FA. Additionally, mixed Pb/Sn perovskites can be formed by using Pb(II)EDTA.
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