Publication date: 17th February 2025
Metal halide perovskites (MHP) semi-conductors have recently been the source of an intense interest in the broad scientific community but more specifically in the photovoltaics community. They are notabily appealing due to their exceptional optoelectronic features, resistance to defects, relative ease of fabrication and extreme tunability regarding their physical and chemical properties.
The interaction between external stimuli, such as light, and the crystal lattice is still being investigated, as it links processes at timescales ranging from femtosecond to hours. Indeed, under light illumination photo-segregation, i.e. change of the local stoichiometry, or photo-brightening, photo-darkening and many others can occur, altering the potential energy landscape and effectively the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY).
Those processes and their effects are reversible over a long timescale, but their magnitude depends on the hysteresis of the sample. This has recently been taken advantage of to create memory cells with MHP polycrystalline thin films with fJ switching energy [1].
In our work we leverage the interplay between different timescales and define a framework which agnostically finds the optimal light cycle maximizing the PLQY. Each cycle is then defined by a series of steps, characterized by the pulse peak energy and the time of exposure. Our experiment shows that the optimal cycle is highly non-linear regarding the average energy injected into the system, highlighting the role of traps and their interplay with the slow lattice reorganization. This can be taken advantage of by varying the composition and frequency to alter different physical and chemical processes revealing long lasting effect on the photoluminescence. We believe that our approach paves the way for a general framework to quickly enhance MHP thin film optoelectronic performance.
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