Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: ARC and Front Electrode Optimization
Xuzheng Liu a b, Mohammad Gholipoor a b, Benjamin Hacene a b, Petermann Julian a b, Lingyi Fang a b, Renjun Guo a b, Ulrich Wilhelm Paetzold a b
a Light Technology Institute (LTI) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Engesserstr. 13, 76131, Germany
b Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV25)
Roma, Italy, 2025 May 12th - 14th
Organizers: Filippo De Angelis, Francesca Brunetti and Claudia Barolo
Poster, Xuzheng Liu, 046
Publication date: 17th February 2025

Monolithic perovskite/silicon (Si) tandem solar cells have recently emerged as a highly promising technology for next-generation photovoltaics, offering the potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. Currently, the record efficiency for this technology stands at 34.6%, showcasing significant progress in the field. Despite this achievement, the theoretical efficiency limit for perovskite/Si tandem solar cells is estimated to be 45%, indicating ample opportunity for further optimization and performance enhancement. In this study, we report on a systematic optimization of the front stack of monolithic perovskite/TOPCon-Si tandem solar cells with a planar front-side configuration. These optimizations resulted in low reflection losses of approximately 6.3% across the 350–1100 nm spectral range and a cumulative short-circuit current density (JSC) of 40.3 mA/cm² (sum of the top and bottom cells). The optimized device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 29.5%.

We systematically optimized the front-side design of monolithic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells to minimize reflection losses and enhance current generation. Key strategies included: (1) the implementation of advanced anti-reflection coatings (ARC) to reduce parasitic reflection losses, (2) the refinement of sputtered transparent conductive electrodes to improve front electrode performance, and (3) the optimization of the thickness and width of front-side contact fingers to balance shading and conductivity. These improvements collectively contributed to an increased current generation of 1–2 mA/cm², demonstrating the potential for further performance enhancement in tandem solar cells.

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