Publication date: 17th February 2025
Perovskite solar cells exhibit degradation when exposed to ambient (oxygen, humidity), illumination, elevated temperature, and bias. In recent years, there has been more effort in studying the photo/electrochemical reactions in 3D perovskites, which has led to increased understanding of their degradation under illumination and/or bias. The degradation is initiated by oxidation of iodide by photogenerated or injected holes, and resulting highly mobile oxidized species (interstitial iodide defects, I2, and I3-) can then participate in additional redox reactions, as well as react with the organic cation. Compared to 3D perovskites, photo/electrochemistry of 2D perovskites is less well understood, despite the fact that these materials are commonly used in 3D/2D active layers in perovskite solar cells in order to improve device efficiency and stability. Furthermore, due to large number of possible 2D lead halide perovskite materials, relationships between 2D material structure and its properties are not sufficiently well understood. Here we will discuss the photostability of different 2D perovskites, and show that the stability is closely related to the formation of spacer cation vacancies [1]. As the spacer cation vacancies are less likely to form in Dion-Jacobson (DJ) 2D perovskites compared to Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) 2D perovskites [1], DJ perovskites exhibit better stability under illumination and yield better stability of perovskite solar cells. The implications of spacer cation vacancy formation on ion migration, photoinduced halide segregation, and stability under illumination in general are discussed.
This work was supported by Seed Funding for Basic Research and the Research Output
Prize of the University of Hong Kong, and RGC CRF project 7018-20G.
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