Publication date: 17th February 2025
The enhancement of the photovoltaic performance upon the aging process at particular environment is often observed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly for the devices with spiro-OMeTAD as hole transporting material (HTM).[1] It is well known that the spontaneous PCE improvement of the device after storage could result from the changes in the perovskite surface morphology (coalescence of perovskite crystals) [2] or the oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD HTL, i.e., improved conductivity and reduced HOMO level.[3] Here, we report for the first time on the effect of aging the typical n-i-p PSCs employing nickel phthalocyanine (coded as Bis-PF-Ni) solely as dopant-free HTM and as an additive in spiro-OMeTAD solution. [4] Our study reveals that the prolong aging of these devices at dry air condition (RH = 2 %, 25 oC) was beneficial for the improvement of their performances. The results show that for an optimized concentration of Bis-PF-Ni the PCE of the device increases from an initial 7.04% to 13.94% after 21 days of storage. In addition, the self-enhancement in the PCE was also observed in the case of the addition Bis-PF-Ni to the spiro-OMeTAD solution, where the PCE increased from 13.78% to 19.70% upon aging. We utilize various bulk and surface characterization techniques to understand the factors behind the spontaneous efficiency enhancement of the device after storage. As a result, we observe the changes in properties of the Bis-PF-Ni layer and at perovskite/Bis-PF-Ni interface, which ultimately improves the charge transport and reduces non-radiative recombination. Furthermore, it was found that the prolonged aging not only improves the conductivity of Bis-PF-Ni due to its liquid crystal property but also reduces its HOMO level facilitating better band alignment with the perovskite. In addition, the devices with Bis-PF-Ni HTM reveal enhanced long-term ambient (120 days) and thermal stability (100 h) compared to the PSCs based on doped spiro-OMeTAD.
I acknowledge the National Science Centre (grant SONATA BIS 10, no. 2020/38/E/ST5/00267) for financial support.
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