Publication date: 17th February 2025
Solution processing from nanoparticle dispersions allows the use of eco-friendly processing agents for the deposition of organic semiconductor thin-films for photovoltaic and other optoelectronic applications. Omitting surfactants to stabilize the dispersions is essential to not jeopardize the solar cell performance. Instead, in this work, the nanoparticles are stabilized by charging through electrical doping of the polymers, which creates a repellent electrostatic potential. Novel surfactant-free nanoparticle dispersions from high-performance organic semiconductors are synthesized, e.g., in alcohols by nanoprecipitation. Design criteria will be discussed how to select the components of the dispersion. The role of the ionization potential of donors, the miscibility of donors and acceptors as well as the properties of the dispersion medium are elucidated. The corresponding solar cells achieve power conversion efficiencies beyond 10%, demonstrating the general feasibility of this alternate, all-eco-friendly processing route. Finally, the concept is translated to water-based dispersions. Due to the poor wetting of water on many surfaces, the deposition processes are revisited.
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