Publication date: 17th February 2025
Hybrid perovskite/organic solar cells (HSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics due to their straightforward fabrication, wide spectral absorption, and low open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses. However, energy level misalignment at the perovskite/bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) interface induces charge accumulation, limiting efficiency. To address this, we introduced a sub-nanometer dipole interfacial layer of B3PyMPM onto the perovskite surface, forming a strong dipole moment that reduces the energy band offset by 0.24 eV between the perovskite and the BHJ donor. This strategic interface engineering effectively suppresses charge recombination, increasing VOC by 30 mV and enhancing the fill factor by 5.0%. Additionally, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the dipole layer significantly reduces hole accumulation and facilitates charge transport at the perovskite/BHJ interface. The photovoltaic performance was further validated by achieving a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.0% with a 4.9 mA cm⁻² increase in the short-circuit current density (JSC), attributed to enhanced near-infrared photon harvesting. These results demonstrate that dipole engineering not only overcomes interfacial energy barriers but also provides a scalable pathway toward highly efficient HSC devices with improved operational stability and long-term moisture resistance.
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