Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV24)
Publication date: 6th February 2024
In recent years there is growing interest in thermal evaporation methods in the development of perovskite solar cells. These techniques offer advantages such as scalability to large areas, high layer uniformity, low material consumption, conformal coating of the substrate, and the absence of toxic solvents. We developed the archetypal methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 or MAPI) via three methods: co-evaporation, a two-step hybrid approach consisting of evaporation of a PbI2 template followed by spin-coating of the MAI solution, and a second hybrid route with the MAI solution applied via inkjet printing on the evaporated PbI2 surface. For the co-deposited films, the temperature of the source, the amount of precursor in the crucible and the chamber pressure were appropriately optimized. In the hybrid approaches, concentration of MAI solution, thermal annealing conditions, and specific parameters of the two techniques were optimized. Post treatments were additionally tested. The films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence with excitation at 514 nm, UV-vis transmittance, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The thickness of the MAPI films was kept in the range of 350 – 450 nm. The materials were finally applied as a photoactive layer in n-i-p solar cells with solution-processed SnO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD as electron and hole transport layers, respectively. Functioning devices were produced with all the manufacturing methods. The bandgap of the MAPI absorber, assessed from external quantum efficiency spectra, was ~1.6 eV, and a similar optical response was detected. Electrically, superior results were achieved with co-evaporated films, with conversion efficiency currently up to 14.8%.
This work was supported by MASE (Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Sicurezza Energetica) in the framework of the Operating Agreements with ENEA for Mission Innovation and for Research on the Electric System, and by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 101006715 (VIPERLAB).
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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