Insight into the physics of perovskite solar cells from photoelectron spectroscopy
Ute Cappel a
a Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV24)
València, Spain, 2024 May 12th - 15th
Organizer: Bruno Ehrler
Invited Speaker Session, Ute Cappel, presentation 046
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2024.046
Publication date: 6th February 2024

Solar cells have a great potential in replacing fossil fuels in electricity generation, if requirements of low production costs can be met. In the last years, lead halide perovskites have drastically changed the solar cell research field due to their ease of synthesis and high power conversion efficiencies, which now reach over 25%. The future success of these developments crucially depends on understanding the details charge separation, charge transport and charge recombination at the interfaces between the different layers in a solar cell as well as what parameters limit solar cell stability. X-ray based techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) are powerful tools for obtaining electronic structure information of materials at an atomic level. By varying the photon energy from soft to hard X-rays, photoelectron spectroscopy can be used for non-destructive depth profiling of the solar cell interfaces giving information about the energy alignment and chemical structure and composition at the interface.

In this presentation, I will show how we have used photoelectron spectroscopy to gain insights into the surface properties and electronic structure of perovskite single crystals. Through in-vacuum cleaving it was possible to obtain clean crystalline perovskite surfaces [1]. Our investigations range from using resonance spectroscopy to map out the orbital contributions in the perovskite valence band, to studying degradation mechanism [2,3], to investigating interface formation with charge transport layers and metal contacts [4].

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