Mid-gap Traps Dominate the Dark Current in Organics and Lead Halide Perovskite Semiconductors
Ardalan Armin a
a Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
London, United Kingdom, 2023 June 12th - 14th
Organizers: Tracey Clarke, James Durrant and Trystan Watson
Invited Speaker Session, Ardalan Armin, presentation 214
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2023.214
Publication date: 30th March 2023

Most technologically-relevant lead halide perovskites are direct-bandgap semiconductors (acknowledging there is some debate on this matter) but are often not as emissive as one should expect. This impacts the application of lead halide perovskites in light emitting diodes and also gives rise to non-radiative voltage loss in solar cells. That said, a small number of very specific compositions have exhibited highly efficient photo-and-electro-luminescence and thus are used in LEDs and solar cells with large open circuit voltages.

It is now believed and partially evidenced that the non-radiative recombination in perovskites is mainly associated with Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination. In this talk I will show that the inverse of this process occurs in both perovskite and organic semiconductors too, that is, the mid-gap trap states – responsible for SRH recombination – are partially radiative and their signature can show up in the external quantum efficiency spectrum, if measured sensitively enough. This trap-induced signature can be used as an indicator for probing the extent of non-radiative loss caused by mid-gap traps. We show that these traps are mainly at the interface between the perovskite and fullerene layer, while in organic semiconductors are present in the bulk of the material. Implications of these mid-gap traps on photodetector and solar cells operation will be discussed.

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