Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
Publication date: 30th March 2023
Printable mesoscopic carbon perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) are cited as a potential frontrunner to commercialisation, as they are fabricated using low-cost screen printing. Additionally, AVA0.03MAPbI3 γ-butyrolactone precursors produce incredibly stable cells, passing IEC61215:2016 testing in 2020.
Non-toxic γ-valerolactone and Methanol (GVL-MeOH) mixed precursors have shown improved performance at scale (9.04% PCE at 220 cm2 active area) and superior stability towards precipitation to GBL systems. Unlike GBL devices, this work reveals that GVL-MeOH cells do not require humidity treatments for peak performance. PCE instead increases independently of humidity in the days following fabrication due to gradual residual solvent loss and associated crystal realignment. While average PCE enhancements were ~15%, some device PCEs were observed to nearly double. Critically, it appears this ageing step is essential for peak performance, as early encapsulation and extended heating impaired both performance and stability. This work may help inform future work designing scaled-up processes for fabricating high performing perovskite modules.