Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2023.190
Publication date: 30th March 2023
The crystallisation pathway of metal halide perovskites from solution significantly impacts optoelectronic quality, defect formation and stability in the formed materials. While many crystalline intermediates - such as solvate and polytype phases - have been identified for typical Pb-based and I-rich compositions, much remains to be uncovered about the effect of cation, metal and halide composition on phase growth. Here we present a holistic understanding of perovskite crystallisation across a wide range of compositions and bandgaps relevant for tandem applications, and also address the role of additives in secondary phase formation.[1][2] Principally we investigate perovskite materials deposited by blade-coating and monitored using synchrotron-based in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). By means of a selection of solution characterisation methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we establish a clear understanding of the bridge between solution chemistry, precursor phase formation and resulting material properties across the entire range of PV-relevant perovskite compositions. Our work provides important insights into the controlled growth of stable perovskite materials by understanding and manipulating the crystallisation pathway.