Characterising halide perovskite crystallisation pathways using in situ GIWAXS
Joel Smith a, Pietro Caprioglio a, Benjamin Gallant a, Margherita Taddei b, Saqlain Choudhary a, David Ginger b, Henry Snaith a
a Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
b Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
London, United Kingdom, 2023 June 12th - 14th
Organizers: Tracey Clarke, James Durrant and Trystan Watson
Oral, Joel Smith, presentation 190
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2023.190
Publication date: 30th March 2023

The crystallisation pathway of metal halide perovskites from solution significantly impacts optoelectronic quality, defect formation and stability in the formed materials. While many crystalline intermediates - such as solvate and polytype phases - have been identified for typical Pb-based and I-rich compositions, much remains to be uncovered about the effect of cation, metal and halide composition on phase growth. Here we present a holistic understanding of perovskite crystallisation across a wide range of compositions and bandgaps relevant for tandem applications, and also address the role of additives in secondary phase formation.[1][2] Principally we investigate perovskite materials deposited by blade-coating and monitored using synchrotron-based in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). By means of a selection of solution characterisation methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we establish a clear understanding of the bridge between solution chemistry, precursor phase formation and resulting material properties across the entire range of PV-relevant perovskite compositions. Our work provides important insights into the controlled growth of stable perovskite materials by understanding and manipulating the crystallisation pathway.

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