Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2023.179
Publication date: 30th March 2023
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have seen rapid progress in recent years, whereby the mixture of polymer donors and small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are fine-tuned to realize a favorable kinetically trapped morphology and thus a commercially viable device efficiency. However, the thermodynamic relaxation of the mixed domains within the blend raises concerns related to the long-term operational stability of the devices, especially in the record-holding A-DA'D-A type SMAs (typically identified as Y6). In addressing this challenge, we report a new class of dimeric Y6-based SMAs tethered with differential flexible spacers to regulate their aggregation and relaxation behavior. In their polymer blends with PM6, we find that they favor an improved structural order relative to that of Y6 counterpart as evidenced by their shorter facial π-π stacking distance and larger crystal coherence length, leading to higher and more balanced charge transport in device. Most importantly, with flexible spacers to restrict the motion of individual SMAs, the tethered SMAs show large glass transition temperatures to suppress the thermodynamic relaxation in mixed domains, which is also evidenced by the larger Flory–Huggins interaction parameter with the polymer donor. The high performing dimeric blend dominates a conversion efficiency of 17.85%, while those of regular Y6-base devices only 16.9%, respectively. Most importantly, the dimer-based device possess substantially reduced burn-in efficiency loss, retaining more than 80% of the initial efficiency after operating at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 700 hours. Our tethering approach provides a new direction to develop PSCs with high efficiency and excellent operating stability.
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21734008 and 22175014), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (buctrc201822). Flanders (FWO: grants 12Y7221N and V400622N). The authors thank the staff of the BL11 NCD-SWEET beamline at ALBA Synchrotron for their assistance in recording the GIWAXS data. The authors thank the staff of beamline 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, LBNL for the RSoXS data, which is supposed by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
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